Abati, S., Bramati, C., Bondi, S., Lissoni, A., & Trimarchi, M. Oral cancer and precancer: A narrative review on the relevance of early diagnosis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(24):9160. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249160 (accessed 10 April 2025).
Allen-Perkins, D., Rivero Jiménez, B., López-Lago Ortiz, L., Conde Caballero, D., & Mariano Juárez, L. The impact of loneliness and social isolation on dietary choices and practices among older adults: A systematic review of qualitative and mixed-methods research. Population Ageing. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12062-024-09475-4 (accessed 10 April 2025).
Asamane, E.A., Greig, C.A., & Thompson, J.L. Social networks and their influences on nutrient intake, nutritional status and physical function in community-dwelling ethnically diverse older adults: A mixed-methods longitudinal study. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1011. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09153-y (accessed 10 April 2025).
Age UK. Tackling malnutrition. 2023a. https://ageuk.org.uk/discover/2023/november/tackling-malnutrition/#:~:text=It%20is%20estimated%20that%20around,as%20the%20older%20population%20increases (accessed 09 January 2025).
Age UK. Six in ten older people on low incomes are already cutting back on heating or powering their homes in order to make ends meet. 2023b. https://www.ageuk.org.uk/latest-press/articles/2023/six-in-ten-older-people-on-low-incomes-are-already-cutting-back-on-heating-or-powering-their-homes-in-order-to-make-ends-meet/ (accessed 10 April 2025).
BAPEN. The MUST Toolkit. 2011. https://www.bapen.org.uk/pdfs/reports/advisory_group_report.pdf (accessed 10 April 2025).
Berardi, E., Madaro, L., Lozanoska-Ochser, B., Adamo, S., Thorrez, L., Bouche, M., & Coletti, D. A Pound of Flesh: What Cachexia Is and What It Is Not. Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland). 2021;11(1):116. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11010116 (accessed 10 April 2025).
Buck, D., & Ewbank, L. What is Social Prescribing? Kings Fund. 2020. https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/insight-and-analysis/long-reads/social-prescribing#:~:text=Schemes%20delivering%20social%20prescribing%20can,and%20a%20range%20of%20sports (accessed 10 April 2025).
Cederholm, T., Bosaeus, I., Barazzoni, R., Bauer, J., Van Gossum, A., Klek, S., Muscaritoli, M., Nyulasi, I., Ockenga, J., Schneider, S.M., de van der Schueren, M. A. E., and Singer, P. Diagnostic criteria for malnutrition – An ESPEN Consensus Statement. Clinical Nutrition. 2015;34(3):335–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2015.03.001 (accessed 10 April 2025).
Clegg, M.E., & Williams, E.A. Optimizing nutrition in older people. Maturitas. 2018;112:34–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.04.001 (accessed 10 April 2025).
Chalmers, J.M., King, P.L., Spencer, A.J., Wright, F.A.C., & Carter, K.D. The oral health assessment tool--validity and reliability. Aust Dent J. 2005;50(3):191–199. doi: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2005.tb00360.x (accessed 10 April 2025).
Eglseer, D., Halfens, R.J.G., & Lohrmann, C. Is the presence of a validated malnutrition screening tool associated with better nutritional care in hospitalized patients? Nutrition. 2017;37:104–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2016.12.016 (accessed 10 April 2025).
Elia, M., & Russell, C.A. Combating Malnutrition: Recommendations for Action. 2009. https://www.bapen.org.uk/pdfs/reports/advisory_group_report.pdf (accessed 10 April 2025).
Firth, J., Gangwisch, J.E., Borsini, A., Wootton, R.E., & Mayer, E.A. Food and mood: how do diet and nutrition affect mental wellbeing? BMJ. 2020;369:m2382. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m2382 (accessed 10 April 2025).
Gomes-Neto, A.W., van Vliet, I.M.Y., Osté, M.C.J., de Jong, M.F.C., Bakker, S.J.L., Jager-Wittenaar, H., & Navis, G.J. Malnutrition universal screening tool and patient-generated subjective global assessment short form and their predictive validity in hospitalized patients. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2021;45:252–261. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.08.015 (accessed 10 April 2025).
Hill, D., Conner, M., Clancy, F., Moss, R., Wilding, S., Bristow, M., & O’Connor, D.B. Stress and eating behaviours in healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Psychol Rev. 2021;16(2):280–304. Doi: 10.1080/17437199.2021.1923406 (accessed 10 April 2025)
Holdoway, A., Anderson, L., Ashworth, A., Cudby, S., Doyle, C., Nash, L., Nathan, A., and Newton, R. Managing adult malnutrition in the community. Malnutrition Pathway. 2021. http://www.malnutritionpathway.co.uk (accessed 10 April 2025).
Annette Bades. How can community nurses help to combat food insecurity? Journal of Community Nursing. 2022;36(2):8–12. https://www.jcn.co.uk/journals/issue/04-2022/article/how-can-community-nurses-help-to-combat-food-insecurity (accessed 24 February 2025).
Kaiser MJ, Bauer JM, Ramsch C, Uter W, Guigoz Y, Cederholm T, Thomas DR, Anthony P, Charlton KE, Maggio M, Tsai AC, Grathwohl D, Vellas B, Sieber CC; MNA-International Group. Validation of the Mini Nutritional Assessment short-form (MNA-SF): a practical tool for identification of nutritional status. J Nutr Health Aging. 2009;13:782–788. doi: 10.1007/s12603-009-0214-7 (accessed 10 April 2025).
Kiesswetter, E., Stadelmaier, J., Grummich, K., Schwarzer, G., Bongaerts, B., Meerpohl, J.J., Norman, K., Schuetz, P., Torbahn, G., Visser, M., Volkert, D. and Schwingshackl, L. Oral nutrition interventions in hospitalised older people at nutritional risk: a network meta‐analysis of individual participant data. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2022; (10):CD015468. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD015468 (accessed 10 April 2025).
Kris-Etherton, P.M., Petersen, K.S., Hibbeln, J.R., Hurley, D., Kolick, V., Peoples, S., Rodriguez, N. and Woodward-Lopez, G. Nutrition and behavioral health disorders: depression and anxiety. Nutrition Reviews. 2021;79(3):247–260. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaa025 (accessed 10 April 2025).
Langley-Evans, S. Nutrition, Health and Disease: A Lifespan Approach. 3rd ed. Hoboken (NJ): Wiley. 2021.
Malnutrition Task Force. State of the Nation 2021 Older people and malnutrition in the UK today. 2021. https://www.malnutritiontaskforce.org.uk/professionals (accessed 09 December 2024).
NICE. Oral health for adults in care homes. 2016. https://www.nice.org.uk/Guidance/NG48 (accessed 10 April 2025).
NICE. Nutrition support for adults: oral nutrition support, enteral tube feeding and parenteral nutrition. 2017. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng105 (accessed 08 January 2025).
NICE. Adult malnutrition: How common is it? 2024. https://cks.nice.org.uk/topics/adult-malnutrition/background-information/prevalence/ (accessed 10 April 2025).
NHS England (NHSE). Healthcare expenditure, UK Health Accounts provisional estimates: 2022. 2022. https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/healthcaresystem/bulletins/healthcareexpenditureukhealthaccountsprovisionalestimates/2022#healthcare-expenditure-data (accessed 10 April 2025).
NHS England (NHSE). The NHS Long Term Plan. 2019. https://www.longtermplan.nhs.uk/publication/nhs-long-term-plan/ (accessed 10 April 2025).
Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) Holistic care. 2024. https://www.nmc.org.uk/standards/guidance/holistic-care/ (accessed 11 March 2025).
O'Keeffe, M., Kelly, M., O'Herlihy, E., O'Toole, P.W., Kearney, P.M., Timmons, S., O'Shea, E., Stanton, C., Hickson, M., Rolland, Y., Sulmont Rossé, C., Issanchou, S., Maitre, I., Stelmach-Mardas, M., Nagel, G., Flechtner-Mors, M., Wolters, M., Hebestreit, A., De Groot, L.C.P.G.M., van de Rest, O., Teh, R., Peyron, M.A., Dardevet, D., Papet, I., Schindler, K., Streicher, M., Torbahn, G., Kiesswetter, E., Visser, M., Volkert, D. Potentially modifiable determinants of malnutrition in older adults: A systematic review. Clinical Nutrition. 2019;38(6):2477–2498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2018.12.007 (accessed 10 April 2025).
Omidvari, A-H, Vali, Y, Murray, SM, Wonderling, D, Rashidian, A. Nutritional screening for improving professional practice for patient outcomes in hospital and primary care settings. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2013(6). doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005539.pub2 (accessed 13 March 2025).
Patient’s Association. Nutrition Checklist. 2021. https://www.patients-association.org.uk/patients-association-nutrition-checklist-toolkit?ContensisTextOnly=true (accessed 10 April 2025).
Rapp, L., Sourdet, S., Lacoste-Ferré, M. Oral health and undernutrition in the frail elderly persons. J Nutr Health Aging. 2021;25(4):484–491. doi: 10.1007/s12603-020-1546-6 (accessed 10 April 2025).
Queens Nursing Institute (QNI) Food, Nutrition and Homelessness - Guidance for Community Nurses. 2020. https://qni.org.uk/resources/food-nutrition-and-homelessness/food-nutrition-and-homelessness-2020/ (accessed 11 March 2025).
Smith, A. Potential barriers to effective MUST implementation. British Journal of Community Nursing. 2014;19(Suppl 11):S28–S31. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjcn.2014.19.Sup11.S28 (accessed 13 March 2025).
Risch, L., Hotzy, F., Vetter, S., Hiller, S., Wallimann, K., Seifritz, E., Mötteli, S. Assessment of nutritional status and risk of malnutrition using adapted standard tools in patients with mental illness and in need of intensive psychiatric treatment. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;20(1):109. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010109 (accessed 10 April 2025).
Stahl, S.T., and Schulz, R. Changes in routine health behaviors following late-life bereavement: A systematic review. Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 2014;37(4):736–755. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-013-9524-7 (accessed 13 March 2025).
Stratton, R., Smith, T., and Gabe, S. Managing malnutrition to improve lives and save money. 2018. https://www.bapen.org.uk/pdfs/reports/mag/managing-malnutrition.pdf (accessed 10 April 2025).
Stratton, R., Cawood, A., Anderson, L., and Burden, S. Malnutrition and Nutritional Care Survey in Adults. 2023. https://www.bapen.org.uk/malnutrition/introduction-to-malnutrition/what-is-the-scale-of-malnutrition-in-the-uk/ (accessed 10 April 2025).
Takehara, S., Hirani, V., Wright, F.A.C., Naganathan, V., Blyth, F.M., Le Couteur, D.G., Waite, L.M., Seibel, M.J., Handelsman, D.J., Cumming, R.G. Appetite, oral health and weight loss in community-dwelling older men: An observational study from the concord health and ageing in men project (CHAMP). BMC Geriatrics. 2021;16;21(1):255. doi: 10.1186/s12877-021-02169-y (accessed 10 April 2025).
Teasdale, S.B., Samaras, K., Wade, T., Jarman, R., Ward, P.B. A review of the nutritional challenges experienced by people living with severe mental illness: A role for dietitians in addressing physical health gaps. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2017;30(5):545–553. doi: 10.1111/jhn.12473 (accessed 10 April 2025).
Tonkikh, O., Shadmi, E., and Zisberg, A. Food intake assessment in acutely ill older internal medicine patients. Geriatrics & Gerontology International. 2019;19(9):890–895. https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.13744 (accessed 13 March 2025).
Waight, S., and Board, M. How to undertake a holistic nutritional assessment with older people. Nursing Older People. 2024; 36(4):e1481. https://doi.org/10.7748/nop.2024.e1481 (accessed 13 March 2025).
Wang, X., Zhang, C., and Luan, W. Social isolation, depression, nutritional status and quality of life during COVID-19 among Chinese community-dwelling older adults: A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2023;13(9):e072305. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072305 (accessed 10 April 2025).
World Health Organisation (WHO). Healthy Diet. 2020. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/healthy-diet (accessed 13 March 2025).
World Health Organisation (WHO). Global strategy and action plan on oral health 2023-2030. 2024. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240090538 (accessed 10 April 2025).
Wysokiński, A., Sobów, T., Kłoszewska, I., Kostka, T. Mechanisms of the anorexia of aging - a review. Age (Dordr). 2015;37(4):9821. doi: 10.1007/s11357-015-9821-x (accessed 10 April 2024).