Intracerebral hemorrhage: the global differential burden and secular trends from 1990 to 2019 and its prediction up to 2030.

Lists

Yang, Xuesong, Liu, Yanbo, Chen, Shiling, Chen, Danyang, Wu, Xuan, Wu, Yanqiong, Liu, Cheng, Manyande, Anne ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8257-0722, Xiang, Hongbing and Tang, Zhouping (2025) Intracerebral hemorrhage: the global differential burden and secular trends from 1990 to 2019 and its prediction up to 2030. International Journal of Public Health, 70. pp. 1-10.

Preview

PDF (PDF/A)
Intracerebral Hemorrhage_Yang et al_ManyandeA_accessible.pdf - Published Version
Available under License Creative Commons Attribution.
Download (3MB) | Preview

Official URL: https://www.ssph-journal.org/journals/internationa...

Abstract

Objectives: This study aims to analyze the global burden and temporal trends of intracerebral haemorrhage from 1990 to 2019 and to project the burden up to 2030, considering variations across regions, sexes, and age groups.
Methods: Data were sourced from the GBD (Global Burden of Disease) 2019 study. We assessed ASIR (age-standardized incidence rates), ASMR (age-standardized mortality rates), and ASDR (age-standardized disability adjusted life year rate) using the BAPC (Bayesian age-period-cohort) model. Spearman's Rho correlation was used to examine the relationship between disease burden and the SDI (Socio-Demographic Index).
Results: From 1990 to 2019, the global ASIR, ASMR, and ASDR of intracerebral haemorrhage decreased by 1.52%, 1.64%, and 1.64%, respectively, while absolute case numbers increased. Males consistently exhibited higher ASIR, ASMR, and ASDR than females. The projections suggest that by 2030, the incidence and absolute cases of intracerebral haemorrhage will continue to rise, while mortality rates will decline.
Conclusion: Despite reductions in age-standardized rates, the global burden of intracerebral haemorrhage continues to increase due to population growth and aging. Effective prevention and treatment strategies, especially in low-SDI regions, are urgently needed.

Item Type:	Article
Identifier:	10.3389/ijph.2025.1607013
Keywords:	risk factor, intracerebral hemorrhage, global incidence, global mortality, global disability
Subjects:	Medicine and health
Depositing User:	Anne Manyande
Date Deposited:	10 Jun 2025 09:59
Last Modified:	10 Jun 2025 10:30
URI:	https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/13759
Sustainable Development Goals:	Goal 3: Good Health and Well-Being

Downloads

Downloads per month over past year

Actions (login required)

View Item

References

Hazrati LN, Bergeron C, Butany J. Neuropathology of Cerebrovascular Diseases.
Semin Diagn Pathol (2009) 26:103–15. doi:10.1053/j.semdp.2009.08.002

MozaffarianD, Benjamin EJ,GoAS, Arnett DK,BlahaMJ,CushmanM, et al.Heart
Disease and Stroke Statistics-2016 Update: A Report from the American Heart
Association. Circulation (2016) 133:e38–360. doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000350

Zhao Y, Zhang X, Chen X, Wei Y. Neuronal Injuries in Cerebral Infarction and
Ischemic Stroke: From Mechanisms to Treatment (Review). Int J Mol Med
(2022) 49:15. (Review). doi:10.3892/ijmm.2021.5070

Grysiewicz RA, Thomas K, Pandey DK. Epidemiology of Ischemic and
Hemorrhagic Stroke: Incidence, Prevalence, Mortality, and Risk Factors.
Neurol Clin. (2008) 26:871–95. doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2008.07.003

Syed B, Nirwane A, Yao Y. In vitro Models of Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Brain
Hemorrhages (2022) 3:105–7. doi:10.1016/j.hest.2022.06.002

Cipolla MJ, Liebeskind DS, Chan SL. The Importance of Comorbidities in
Ischemic Stroke: Impact of Hypertension on the Cerebral Circulation. J Cereb
Blood Flow Metab (2018) 38:2129–49. doi:10.1177/0271678x18800589

Zia E, Hedblad B, Pessah-Rasmussen H, Berglund G, Janzon L, EngströmG. Blood
Pressure in Relation to the Incidence of Cerebral Infarction and Intracerebral
Hemorrhage. Hypertensive Hemorrhage: Debated Nomenclature Is Still Relevant.
Stroke (2007) 38:2681–5. doi:10.1161/strokeaha.106.479725

Feske SK. Ischemic Stroke. Am J Med (2021) 134:1457–64. doi:10.1016/j.
amjmed.2021.07.027

Poon MT, Bell SM, Al-Shahi Salman R. Epidemiology of Intracerebral
Haemorrhage. Front Neurol Neurosci (2015) 37:1–12. doi:10.1159/000437109

Mallereau CH, Todeschi J, Lefevre E, Chibbaro S, Proust F, Cebula H. Is
Physical Activity a Trigger Factor for Subarachnoid Hemorrhage?
Neurochirurgie (2022) 68:315–9. doi:10.1016/j.neuchi.2021.06.011

Rymer MM. Hemorrhagic Stroke: Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Mo Med (2011)
108:50–4.

Boehme AK, Esenwa C, Elkind MS. Stroke Risk Factors, Genetics, and
Prevention. Circ Res (2017) 120:472–95. doi:10.1161/circresaha.116.308398

GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global,
Regional, and National Incidence, Prevalence, and Years Lived with Disability
for 354 Diseases and Injuries for 195 Countries and Territories, 1990-2017: A
Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet
(2018) 392:1789–858. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32279-7

GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. Global Burden of 369 Diseases
and Injuries in 204 Countries and Territories, 1990-2019: A Systematic
Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet (2020) 396:
1204–22. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30925-9

Barendregt JJ, Van Oortmarssen GJ, Vos T, Murray CJ. A Generic Model for
the Assessment of Disease Epidemiology: The Computational Basis of DisMod
II. Popul Health Metr (2003) 1:4. doi:10.1186/1478-7954-1-4

GBD 2017 DALYs and HALE Collaborators. Global, Regional, and National
Disability-Adjusted Life-Years (DALYs) for 359 Diseases and Injuries and
Healthy Life Expectancy (HALE) for 195 Countries and Territories, 1990-
2017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.
Lancet (2018) 392:1859–922. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32335-3

Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, Addolorato G, Ammirati E, Baddour LM,
et al. Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990-2019:
Update from the GBD 2019 Study. J Am Coll Cardiol (2020) 76:2982–3021.
doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010

Hu Y, Tong Z, Huang X, Qin JJ, Lin L, Lei F, et al. The Projections of Global
and Regional Rheumatic Heart Disease Burden from 2020 to 2030. Front
Cardiovasc Med (2022) 9:941917. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.941917

Bray F, Møller B. Predicting the Future Burden of Cancer. Nat Rev Cancer
(2006) 6:63–74. doi:10.1038/nrc1781

Riebler A, Held L. Projecting the Future Burden of Cancer: Bayesian Age-
Period-Cohort Analysis with Integrated Nested Laplace Approximations.
Biom J (2017) 59:531–49. doi:10.1002/bimj.201500263

Yang X, Liu C, Liu Y, He Z, Li J, Li Y, et al. The Global Burden, Trends, and
Inequalities of Individuals with Developmental and Intellectual Disabilities
Attributable to Iodine Deficiency from 1990 to 2019 and its Prediction up to
2030. Front Nutr (2024) 11:1366525. doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1366525

Feigin VL, Lawes CM, Bennett DA, Barker-Collo SL, Parag V. Worldwide
Stroke Incidence and Early Case Fatality Reported in 56 Population-Based
Studies: A Systematic Review. Lancet Neurol (2009) 8:355–69. doi:10.1016/
s1474-4422(09)70025-0

Ikram MA, Wieberdink RG, Koudstaal PJ. International Epidemiology of
Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Curr Atheroscler Rep (2012) 14:300–6. doi:10.1007/
s11883-012-0252-1

Marini S, Morotti A, Ayres AM, Crawford K, Kourkoulis CE, Lena UK, et al.
Sex Differences in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Expansion and Mortality.
J Neurol Sci (2017) 379:112–6. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2017.05.057

Ariesen MJ, Claus SP, Rinkel GJ, Algra A. Risk Factors for Intracerebral
Hemorrhage in the General Population: A Systematic Review. Stroke (2003)
34:2060–5. doi:10.1161/01.Str.0000080678.09344.8d

O’Donnell MJ, Xavier D, Liu L, Zhang H, Chin SL, Rao-Melacini P, et al. Risk
Factors for Ischaemic and Intracerebral Haemorrhagic Stroke in 22 Countries
(The INTERSTROKE Study): A Case-Control Study. Lancet (2010) 376:
112–23. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60834-3

Wang H, Zhao S, Wang S, Zheng Y, Wang S, Chen H, et al. Global Magnitude
of Encephalitis Burden and its Evolving Pattern over the Past 30 Years. J Infect
(2022) 84:777–87. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2022.04.026

Kirshner H, Schrag M. Management of Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Update and
Future Therapies. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep (2021) 21:57. doi:10.1007/s11910-
021-01144-9

Lovelock CE, Molyneux AJ, Rothwell PM, Oxford Vascular Study. Change in Incidence and Aetiology of Intracerebral Haemorrhage in Oxfordshire, UK, between 1981 and 2006: A Population-Based Study. Lancet Neurol (2007) 6:
487–93. doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(07)70107-2

Global regional. Global, Regional, and National Burden of Bone Fractures in
204 Countries and Territories, 1990-2019: A Systematic Analysis from the
Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Healthy Longev (2021) 2:
e580–e592. doi:10.1016/s2666-7568(21)00172-0

Tools

CORE (COnnecting REpositories)

The University of West London

Intracerebral hemorrhage: the global differential burden and secular trends from 1990 to 2019 and its prediction up to 2030.

Abstract

Downloads

Actions (login required)

Menu