Impact of adding comfort cooling systems on the energy consumption and EPC rating of an existing UK hotel

Lists

Amirkhani, Shiva, Bahadori-Jahromi, Ali ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0405-7146, Mylona, Anastasia, Godfrey, Paulina and Cook, Darren (2020) Impact of adding comfort cooling systems on the energy consumption and EPC rating of an existing UK hotel. Sustainability, 12 (7). p. 2950.

Preview

PDF
Bahadori-Jahromi_etal_Sustainability_MDPI_2020_Impact_of_adding_comfort_cooling_systems_on_the_energy_consumption_and_EPC_rating_of_an_existing_UK_hotel.pdf - Published Version
Available under License Creative Commons Attribution.
Download (1MB) | Preview

Official URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072950

Abstract

Abstract: In light of the recent launch of the Minimum Energy Efficiency Standard and its expected impact on the commercial buildings sector, this study investigated the impact of adding cooling systems on the annual energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions and energy performance certificate (EPC) rating of an existing UK hotel. Thermal Analysis Software (TAS) was used to conduct the study, and the baseline model was validated against the actual data. As is the current accepted procedure in EPC generating in the UK, the cooling set points of the guest rooms were set to 25 °C, resulting in a small increase in the annual energy consumption and emission rates, but not enough to change the energy performance certificate rating. Also, it was found that an improvement in energy consumption and energy performance certificate rating of the hotel would be achieved if the new systems replaced the existing heating systems in the guest rooms. Further simulations investigated more realistic situations, in which occupants may decide to keep their rooms at cooler temperatures. The results from this round of simulations showed considerable increase in the energy consumption and emissions of the building; however, these results would not be considered in the current approved procedure for EPC generating.

Item Type:	Article
Identifier:	10.3390/su12072950
Keywords:	MEES; EPC rating; hotels; cooling systems; cooling set points; CO2 emissions; Energy Performance Certificates
Subjects:	Construction and engineering > Civil and environmental engineering Construction and engineering > Built environment Construction and engineering
Related URLs:	Publisher
Depositing User:	Ali Bahadori-Jahromi
Date Deposited:	07 Apr 2020 16:03
Last Modified:	06 Feb 2024 16:02
URI:	https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/6852

Downloads

Downloads per month over past year

Actions (login required)

View Item

References

1. Committee on Climate Change. Meeting Carbon Budgets—Ensuring a Low-Carbon Recovery: 2nd Progress
Report to Parliament Committee on Climate Change; Committee on Climate Change: London, UK, 2010.

2. European Commission Energy Roadmap 2050. Policy; European Commission: Brussel, Belgium, 2012.

3. von Platten, J.; Holmberg, C.; Mangold, M.; Johansson, T.; Mjörnell, K. The renewing of Energy
Performance Certificates—Reaching comparability between decade-apart energy records. Appl. Energy
2019, 255, 113902.

4. Li, X.; Yao, R.; Yu, W.; Meng, X.; Liu, M.; Short, A.; Li, B. Low carbon heating and cooling of residential buildings in cities in the hot summer and cold winter zone—A bottom-up engineering stock modelling approach. J. Clean. Prod. 2019, 220, 271–288.

5. Kassai, M. Experimental investigation of carbon dioxide cross-contamination in sorption energy recovery wheel in ventilation system. Build. Serv. Eng. Res. Technol. 2018, 39, 463–474.

6. Pasichnyi, O.; Wallin, J.; Levihn, F.; Shahrokni, H.; Kordas, O. Energy performance certificates—New opportunities for data-enabled urban energy policy instruments? Energy Policy 2019, 127, 486–499.

7. Majcen, D.; Itard, L.C.M.; Visscher, H. Theoretical vs. actual energy consumption of labelled dwellings in the Netherlands: Discrepancies and policy implications. Energy Policy 2013, 54, 125–136.

8. Xie, J.; Pan, Y.; Jia, W.; Xu, L.; Huang, Z. Energy-consumption simulation of a distributed air-conditioning system integrated with occupant behavior. Appl. Energy 2019, 256, 113914.

9. Kassai, M.; Simonson, C.J. Experimental Effectiveness Investigation of Liquid-to-air Membrane Energy Exchangers under Low Heat Capacity Rates Conditions. Exp. Heat Transf. 2016, 29, 445–455.

10. Fuerst, F.; McAllister, P.; Nanda, A.; Wyatt, P. Does energy efficiency matter to home-buyers? An investigation of EPC ratings and transaction prices in England. Energy Econ. 2015, 48, 145–156.

11. Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy. The Non-Domestic Private Rented Property Minimum Standard—Landlord Guidance; Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy: London, UK, 2017.

12. Xing, J.; Ren, P.; Ling, J. Analysis of energy efficiency retrofit scheme for hotel buildings using eQuest software: A case study from Tianjin, China. Energy Build. 2015, 87, 14–24.

13. Deng, S.M.; Burnett, J. Study of energy performance of hotel buildings in Hong Kong. Energy Build. 2000,

14. Navratil, J.; Picha, K.; Buchecker, M.; Martinat, S.; Svec, R.; Brezinova, M.; Knotek, J. Visitors’ preferences of renewable energy options in “green” hotels. Renew. Energy 2019, 138, 1065–1077.

15. Teng, C.C.; Horng, J.S.; Hu, M.L.M.; Chien, L.H.; Shen, Y.C. Developing energy conservation and carbon reduction indicators for the hotel industry in Taiwan. Int. J. Hosp. Manag. 2012, 31, 199–208.
Sustainability 2020, 12, 2950 16 of 17.

16. Milojković, A.; Nikolić, M.; Stanković, V. Improvement of energy efficiency in hospitality—Towards sustainable hotels. In Proceedings of the IV International Symposium for Students of Doctoral Studies in the Field of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environmental Protection, Nis, Serbia, 20–21 September 2012; pp. 170–177.

17. Rotimi, A.; Bahadori-jahromi, A.; Mylona, A.; Godfrey, P.; Cook, D. Estimation and Validation of Energy Consumption in UK Existing Hotel Building Using Dynamic Simulation Software. Sustain. 2017, 9, 1391.
18. Roberts, S. Altering existing buildings in the UK. Energy Policy 2008, 36, 4482–4486.

19. Communities and Local Government. A User Guide to iSBEM: EPC Generation—UK; Communities and Local
Government: London, UK, 2018; pp. 1–100.

20. Balaras, C.A.; Dascalaki, E.G.; Droutsa, K.G.; Kontoyiannidis, S. Empirical assessment of calculated and actual heating energy use in Hellenic residential buildings. Appl. Energy 2016, 164, 115–132.

21. Arcipowska, A.; Anagnostopoulos, F.; Mariottini, F.; Kunkel, S. Energy Performance Certificates Across the EU. A Mapping of National Approaches; Buildings Performance Institute Europe (BPIE): Brussel, Belgium, 2014; ISBN 9789491143106.

22. Recast EPBD. Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliment and of the Council of 19 MAY on the Enrgy Performance of the Buildings (Recast). Off. J. Eur. Union 2010, 276, 56.

23. Tigchelaar, C.; Daniels, B.; Menkveld, M. Obligations in the Existing Housing Stock : Who Pays the Bill ? ECN:Petten, the Netherlands, 2011; pp. 353–363.

24. Murphy, L. The influence of the Energy Performance Certificate: The Dutch case. Energy Policy 2014, 67, 664–672.

25. Abela, A.; Hoxley, M.; McGrath, P.; Goodhew, S. An investigation of the appropriateness of current methodologies for energy certification of Mediterranean housing. Energy Build. 2016, 130, 210–218.

26. Hjortling, C.; Björk, F.; Berg, M.; Klintberg, T. af Energy mapping of existing building stock in Sweden Analysis of data from Energy Performance Certificates. Energy Build. 2017, 153, 341–355.

27. Mangold, M.; Österbring, M.; Wallbaum, H. Handling data uncertainties when using Swedish energy
performance certificate data to describe energy usage in the building stock. Energy Build. 2015, 102, 328–336.

28. Department for Communities & Local Government. National Calculation Methodology (NCM) Modelling
Guide (for Buildings other than Dwellings in England and Wales); Department for Communities & Local
Government: London, UK, 2013; pp. 1–34;.

29. Fuerst, F.; McAllister, P. The impact of Energy Performance Certificates on the rental and capital values of commercial property assets. Energy Policy 2011, 39, 6608–6614.

30. Droutsa, K.G.; Kontoyiannidis, S.; Dascalaki, E.G.; Balaras, C.A. Ranking cost effective energy conservation measures for heating in Hellenic residential buildings. Energy Build. 2014, 70, 318–332.

31. Tronchin, L.; Fabbri, K. Energy Performance Certificate of building and confidence interval in assessment:An Italian case study. Energy Policy 2012, 48, 176–184.

32. Jenkins, D.; Simpson, S.; Peacock, A. Investigating the consistency and quality of EPC ratings and assessments. Energy 2017, 138, 480–489.

33. Cayre, E.; Allibe, B.; Laurent, M.; Osso, D. There are people in the house ! how the results of purely technical analysis of residential energy consumption are misleading for energy policies. Eur. Counc. an Energy Effic. Econ. Summer Sch. 2011, 1675–1683.

34. Ürge-Vorsatz, D.; Eyre, N.; Graham, P.; Harvey, D.; Hertwich, E.; Jiang, Y.; Kornevall, C.; Majumdar, M.;McMahon, J.E.; Mirasgedis, S.; et al. Chapter 10—Energy End-Use: Building. In Global Energy Assessment—Toward a Sustainable Future; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 2012; pp. 649–760.

35. Environmental Design Solutions Limited. Available online: https://www.edsl.net/ (accessed on 20 October 2019).

36. Amoako-attah, J.; B-jahromi, A. Impact of standard construction specification on thermal comfort in UK dwellings. Adv. Environ. Res. 2014, 3, 253–281.

37. Eames, M.E.; Ramallo-gonzalez, A.P.; Wood, M.J. An update of the UK’ s test reference year : The implications of a revised climate on building design. Build. Serv. Eng. Res. Technol. 2016, 37, 316–333.

38. Chartered Institute of Building Services Engineers CIBSE Weather Data Sets. Available online:
https://cibse.org/knowledge/cibse-weather-data-sets (accessed on 31 October 2019).
Sustainability 2020, 12, 2950 17 of 17

39. Salem, R.; Bahadori-Jahromi, A.; Mylona, A.; Godfrey, P.; Cook, D. Investigating the potential impact of energy-efficient measures for retrofitting existing UK hotels to reach the nearly zero energy building (nZEB) standard. Energy Effic. 2019, 12, 1577–1594.

40. UK NCM iSBEM for England NCM Databases. Available online: http://www.ukncm.
org.uk/download.jsp?id=13 (accessed on 8 March 2020).

41. Amirkhani, S.; Bahadori-Jahromi, A.; Mylona, A.; Godfrey, P.; Cook, D. Impact of Low-E Window Films on Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions of an Existing UK Hotel Building Shiva. Sustain. 2019, 11, 4265.

42. US Department of Energy. M & V Guidelines : Measurement and Verification for Contracts; US Department of
Energy: Washington, DC, USA, 2015.

43. American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air conditioning Engineers Nonresidential heating and cooling load calculations. In ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals; ASHRAE:Atlanta, GA, USA, 2013; p. 18.1.

44. HM Government. Non-Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide; HM Government: London, UK, 2013.

45. Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE). Environmental design, CIBSE Guide A;
Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers: London, UK, 2015.

46. Han, H.; Hsu, L.J.; Lee, J.; Sheu, C. Are lodging customers ready to go green ? An examination of attitudes ,demographics , and eco-friendly intentions. Int. J. Hosp. Manag. 2011, 30, 345–355.

47. Buso, T.; Becchio, C.; Corgnati, S.P. NZEB, cost- and comfort-optimal retrofit solutions for an Italian Reference Hotel. Energy Procedia 2017, 140, 217–230.

Tools

CORE (COnnecting REpositories)

The University of West London

Impact of adding comfort cooling systems on the energy consumption and EPC rating of an existing UK hotel

Abstract

Downloads

Actions (login required)

Menu