Huang, Yongfeng, Tang, Shanyu ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2447-8135 and Yuan, Jian (2011) Steganography in inactive frames of VoIP streams encoded by source codec. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, 6 (2). pp. 296-306. ISSN 1556-6013

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Abstract

This paper describes a novel high capacity steganography algorithm for embedding data in the inactive frames of low bit rate audio streams encoded by G.723.1 source codec, which is used extensively in Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP). This study reveals that, contrary to existing thoughts, the inactive frames of VoIP streams are more suitable for data embedding than the active frames of the streams, that is, steganography in the inactive audio frames attains a larger data embedding capacity than that in the active audio frames under the same imperceptibility. By analysing the concealment of steganography in the inactive frames of low bit rate audio streams encoded by G.723.1 codec with 6.3kbps, the authors propose a new algorithm for steganography in different speech parameters of the inactive frames. Performance evaluation shows embedding data in various speech parameters led to different levels of concealment. An improved voice activity detection algorithm is suggested for detecting inactive audio frames taking into packet loss account. Experimental results show our proposed steganography algorithm not only achieved perfect imperceptibility but also gained a high data embedding rate up to 101 bits/frame, indicating that the data embedding capacity of the proposed algorithm is very much larger than those of previously suggested algorithms.

Item Type:	Article
Identifier:	10.1109/TIFS.2011.2108649
Additional Information:	© 2011 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.
Keywords:	Audio streams, inactive frames, steganography, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP).
Subjects:	Computing > Information security > Cyber security Computing > Information security
Depositing User:	Shanyu Tang
Date Deposited:	26 Sep 2017 11:28
Last Modified:	04 Nov 2024 12:05
URI:	https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/3935

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