Jiang, Yijing, Tang, Shanyu ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2447-8135, Zhang, Liping, Xiong, Muzhou and Yip, Yau Jim (2016) Covert voice over internet protocol communications with packet loss based on fractal interpolation. ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications and Applications, 12 (4). 54:1-54:20. ISSN 1551-6857

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Abstract

The last few years have witnessed an explosive growth in the research of information hiding in multimedia objects, but few studies have taken into account packet loss in multimedia networks. As one of the most popular real-time services in the Internet, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) contributes to a large part of network traffic for its advantages of real time, high flow, and low cost. So packet loss is inevitable in multimedia networks and affects the performance of VoIP communications. In this study, a fractal-based VoIP steganographic approach was proposed to realise covert VoIP communications in the presence of packet loss. In the proposed scheme, secret data to be hidden were divided into blocks after being encrypted with the block cipher, and each block of the secret data was then embedded into VoIP streaming packets. The VoIP packets went through a packet loss system based on Gilbert model which simulates a real network situation. And a prediction model based on fractal interpolation was built to decide whether a VoIP packet was suitable for data hiding. The experimental results indicated that the speech quality degradation increased with the escalating packet-loss level. The average variance of speech quality metrics (PESQ score) between the "no-embedding" speech samples and the “with-embedding” stego-speech samples was about 0.717, and the variances narrowed with the increasing packet-loss level. Both the average PESQ scores and the SNR values of stego-speech samples and the data retrieving rates had almost the same varying trends when the packet-loss level increased, indicating that the success rate of the fractal prediction model played an important role in the performance of covert VoIP communications.

Item Type:	Article
Identifier:	10.1145/2961053
Additional Information:	© ACM, 2016. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of ACM for your personal use. Not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications, VOL 12, ISS 4, August 2016, https://doi.org/10.1145/2961053.
Subjects:	Computing > Information security > Cyber security Computing > Information security
Depositing User:	Shanyu Tang
Date Deposited:	25 Sep 2017 22:31
Last Modified:	04 Nov 2024 12:05
URI:	https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/3929

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