Tsikritzi, Roussa, Moynihan, Paula J., Gosney, Margot, Allen, Victoria and Methven, Lisa (2014) The effect of macro- and micro-nutrient fortification of biscuits on their sensory properties and on hedonic liking of older people. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 94 (10). pp. 2040-2048. ISSN 0022-5142

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Abstract

BACKGROUND

Under-nutrition in older adults is widespread. Oral nutritional supplement beverages (ONS) are prescribed, yet consumption by older people is often insufficient. A variety of supplement formats may improve nutrient intake. This study developed protein and micro-nutrient fortified biscuits and evaluated their sensory attributes and liking by older people. Two micro-nutrient strategies were taken, to match typical ONS and to customise to the needs of older people.

RESULTS

Oat biscuits and gluten-free biscuits developed contained over 12% protein and over 460 kcal 100 g−1. Two small (40 g) biscuits developed to match ONS provided approximately 40% of an ONS portion of micro-nutrients and 60% of macro-nutrients; however, the portion size was considered realistic whereas the average ONS portion (200 mL) is excessive. Biscuits developed to the needs of older adults provided, on average, 18% of the reference nutrient intake of targeted micro-nutrients. Sensory characteristics were similar between biscuits with and without micro-nutrient fortification, leading to no differences in liking. Fortified oat biscuits were less liked than commercial oat biscuits, partly attributed to flavour imparted by whey protein fortification.

CONCLUSION

Macro- and micro-nutrient fortification of biscuits could provide an alternative fortified snack to help alleviate malnutrition in older adults.

Item Type:	Article
Identifier:	10.1002/jsfa.6522
Additional Information:	This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in anymedium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Keywords:	older people; nutrient fortification; biscuits; cookies; sensory; supplement
Subjects:	Medicine and health > Nutrition
Depositing User:	Rod Pow
Date Deposited:	09 Feb 2015 16:27
Last Modified:	06 Feb 2024 15:42
URI:	https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1099

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