Challob, Ali Falih, Bin Rahmat, Nur Azzammudin, Ramachandaramurthy, Vigna K. A-L, Humaidi, Amjad Jaleel and Saeed, Nagham ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5124-7973 (2026) Flatness-based Energy Management Strategy for Electric Vehicles with Photovoltaic Systems and Energy Storage Units. In: International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC), 02-05 Sept2025, London, United Kingdom.

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Abstract

This paper presents the design, implementation, and performance evaluation of a Flatness-based Energy Management Strategy (Flatness-EMS) for Electric Vehicles (EVs) equipped with a Photovoltaic (PV) system and an Energy Storage Unit (ESU). The proposed strategy optimizes the energy flow between the energy sources, ensuring efficient energy utilization and stable DC bus voltage regulation. Compared to conventional Proportional-Integral (PI) control-based EMS approaches, Flatness-EMS significantly enhances system dynamics by reducing voltage overshoot, minimizing steady-state error, and improving convergence speed under varying operating conditions. The system employs a bidirectional DC/DC converter to manage interactions among the EV battery, PV array, and ESU, achieving effective energy coordination at the system level. Simulation results demonstrate that Flatness-EMS achieves faster voltage stabilization, with a response time of 0.04 seconds, compared to 0.5 seconds using PI-based control. Furthermore, the proposed method greatly reduces voltage variations, limiting peak overshoot to 1.5 V, whereas the PI control method results in a 10 V peak overshoot, which could compromise system stability.

Item Type:	Conference or Workshop Item (Paper)
ISBN:	979-8-3315-6520-6
Keywords:	Photovoltaic, electric vehicles, charging stations, energy management, flatness, neural network
Subjects:	Construction and engineering > Electrical and electronic engineering
Date Deposited:	01 Oct 2026
Dates:	Date Publication status 5 September 2026 Presented 15 December 2026 Published Online
School, department or research centre:	School of Computing and Engineering
Keywords:	Photovoltaic, electric vehicles, charging stations, energy management, flatness, neural network
URI:	https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/15480

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