Hossain, Jahangir, Kadir, Aida. F. A., Shareef, Hussain, Manojkumar, Rampelli, Saeed, Nagham ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5124-7973 and Hanaf, Ainain. N. (2023) A Grid-Connected Optimal Hybrid PV-BES System Sizing for Malaysian Commercial Buildings. MDPI Sustainability, 15 (13). pp. 1-20.

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Abstract

In this article, the optimal sizing of hybrid solar photovoltaic and battery energy storage systems is evaluated with respect to rooftop space and feed-in tariff rates. The battery scheduling is performed using a proposed rule-based energy management strategy. The rules are formulated based on the demand limit, PV export power limit, and state of charge of the battery. Furthermore, optimization modeling with initial choices of parameters and constraints in terms of solar photovoltaic and battery energy storage capabilities is developed to minimize the total net present
cost. The hourly values of solar irradiance, air temperature, electrical loads, and electricity rates
are considered the inputs of the optimization process. The optimization results are achieved using particle swarm optimization and validated through an uncertainty analysis. It is observed that an optimal photovoltaic and battery energy storage system can reduce the cost of electricity by 12.33%,including the sale of 5944.029 kWh of electricity to the grid. Furthermore, energy consumption, peak demand, and greenhouse gas emissions are reduced by 13.71%, 5.85%, and 62.59%, respectively. A comprehensive analysis between the variable and fixed data for the load, energy from PV, batteries, and the grid, and costs demonstrates that the optimal sizing of photovoltaic and battery energy
storage systems with the best mix of energy from PV, batteries, and the grid provides the optimal
solution for the proposed configuration.

Item Type:	Article
Identifier:	10.3390/su151310564
Keywords:	grid-connected commercial buildings; rooftop photovoltaic; battery energy storage; optimal capacities; total net present cost; energy management system
Subjects:	Construction and engineering > Electrical and electronic engineering Construction and engineering
Depositing User:	Nagham Saeed
Date Deposited:	25 Sep 2023 13:47
Last Modified:	06 Feb 2024 16:16
URI:	https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10221

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